Wheat grain microfungi in the Polissya region

Abstract

Quantitative and qualitative information on the micromycetes found in Polissya-grown wheat grain is presented
in this article. Wheat grain samples from the Polissya area had an average of 2.88 104 3.62 103 colony forming
units (CFU) per 1 g of grain throughout the investigation period. Twenty fungal species from nine different taxa
were found in Polissya wheat kernels. The samples were infected with fungi from the genera Alternaria (92.5%),
Mucor (92.5%), Aspergillus (83.1%), Penicillium (47.2%), Fusarium (60.4%), Phoma (15.1%), Mycelia (15.1%),
Trichotecium (1.9%), and Monascus (1.9%). Among the Aspergillus species, the detection rates were lowest for
Aspergillus niger (17.0%), Aspergillus candidus (9.4%), and Aspergillus terreus (1.9%). Species of Fusarium were
found in 17.0% of the samples; they included Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium semitectum
in (5.7%), and Fusarium culmorum (3.8%). The wheat grain's endophytic mycobiota consists of a very modest
number of species of tiny fungus. Pure cultures were produced from F. sporotrichiella var. tricinctum isolate
1218/4 and F. sporotrichiella isolate 1218/5, both of which were isolated from the Polissya zone. The test culture
of Candida pseudo-tropicalis strain 44 PC was resistant to the mycotoxins produced by these isolates, while the
growth of F. sporotrichiella var. tricinctum 1218/4 was inhibited in a zone with a relative toxicity (Rf) of 0.05.
This isolate also generated an unknown trichothecene mycotoxin (TTMT). Aspergillus flavus isolate 1219/3 was
the first to create kojic and aspergillic acids, while Aspergillus flavus isolate 1221/1 was the second to synthesis
penicillic and aspergillic acids, respectively, among the isolated fungus. Chickens of the meat and egg breed Adler
Silver were given the sorbent "Mikosorb" to lessen the harmful effects of the mycotoxin deoxyniva- lenol on their
bodies. Deoxynivalenol's toxic effects on the bodies of hens in the experimental group were found to be mitigated
when the sorbent "Mikosorb" was added to the diet at a rate of 2.0% of the total feed weight. The 12.0% drop in
avian deaths provided more confirmation of this.