Production potential, economics and energetic as influenced by integrated nutrient management in soybean (Glycine max)–wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system

Abstract

The goal of a two-year field experiment at Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, in 2014–15 and
2015–16 was to assess the direct and residual effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the economics and productivity of a
soybean–wheat cropping system (Glycine max (L.) Merill). In the main plots of the soybean experiment, four different nutrient
sources were used: 5 t/ha of crop residues (wheat), RDF, 50% RDF, 5 kg/ha of zinc, and 2.5 t/ha of poultry manure. In the sub-
plots, five different nutrient levels were used: F0, control, F1, 50% RDF, F2, RDF, F3, 50% RDF + Zn, and F4, RDF + Zn.
Subplots for each of the five nutrient levels (F0, control; F1, 50% RDF; F2, RDF); F3, 50% RDF + Zn 5 kg/ha; and F4, RDF +
Zn 5 kg/ha) were used to assess the residual impact of the nutrient sources applied to soybean in the main plots of wheat.
I see. A split-plot design with three crop replications was used to set up the experiment. Among the many nutrient sources tested,
the results showed that soybean and wheat crops treated with poultry manure (2.5 t/ha) had the best grain and stover yields as
well as economic characteristics (gross returns, net returns, and B:C ratio) when compared to the control and the other organic
treatments. The soybean production had a higher cost of 20.2 × 10¹/ha owing to the wheat crop wastes, which weighed 5 t/ha.
Among the many nutrient levels tested, the combination of RDF and 5 kg/ha of zinc resulted in the best economic metrics, stover
yields, and grain yields. The optimal yearly application rates for chicken manure in soybeans and wheat, according to system
yields and economic returns, are 2.5 t/ha for soybeans and RDF + 5 kg Zn/ha for both crops. This increases the productivity and
profitability of the crops. To maximize production and profit while simultaneously improving soil fertility, it seems that a
soybean-wheat cropping system that applies zinc, RDF, and chicken manure together is the best nutrient management choice.