Leaf Extracts from the Phragmanthera incana (Schum.) Balle Plant Grown on Albizia lebbeck Have Anti-Diabetic Properties

Abstract

To determine the optimal organic solvent for the antidiabetic activity of Phragmanthera incana leaf extracts, a comparative research was conducted to examine their antidiabetic potentials.A series of extractions were performed using n-hexane (HPI), chloroform (CPI), ethyl acetate (EPI), methanol (MPI), and aqueous butanol (BPI) on finely ground plant leaves. Extracts were tested at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg on normoglycemic and glucose-induced hyperglycemic rats, respectively, with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) serving as a positive control for their hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycemic actions. Anti-diabetic activity was evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using the extracts at the dosages shown to be most effective in lowering blood sugar levels. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc tests (where p 0.05 indicated statistical significance) were used to the study's data.The hypoglycemic impact of CPI and BPI extracts was null in normal rats, but the hypoglycemic effect of HPI, EPI, and MPI extracts was considerably (p 0.05) less than that of glibenclamide. The most effective antihyperglycemic extract was HPI (400 mg/kg), which reduced blood glucose by 54% after 4 hours. This was followed by EPI (400 mg/kg), which reduced blood glucose by 48% after 4 hours. BPI (200 mg/kg), MPI (200 mg/kg), and CPI (400 mg/kg) all had similar effects, reducing blood glucose by 34%, 34%, and 38% after 4 hours, respectively. Hyperglycemia was reduced by HPI in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats more effectively (p0.05) than by glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) on days 4 and 7, and similarly (p>0.05) on days 10, 14, and 21. On days 14 and 21, the antidiabetic impact of CPI was 57%, whereas the effect of exercise was 75%. The least effective extracts were MPI and BPI, both of which had effects of 63 and 66% on day 21 but were far less effective than glibenclamide.Results showed that both glucose- and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats benefited from the antidiabetic activity present in Phragmanthera incana leaf extracts from different chemical solvents. Since the antihyperglycemic impact of the n-hexane extract (HPI) was greater in both research models, this indicated that the extract had a higher concentration of the active components, and that n-hexane was the superior solvent for extraction.